最近《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》更新了年度可靠度報(bào)告，其中比較有意思的是一直以來(lái)對(duì)特斯拉Model S偏愛(ài)有加的《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》由于Model S的問(wèn)題太多而不再向消費(fèi)者推薦該車(chē)型。他們甚至專(zhuān)門(mén)寫(xiě)了一篇文章解釋了下具體原因，我翻譯并總結(jié)了一下該文章，供大家分享。

《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》說(shuō)Models S是他們測(cè)試過(guò)的性能最棒的車(chē)型，在超過(guò)50項(xiàng)測(cè)試內(nèi)容的路試得分達(dá)到99分，而且這車(chē)還特別節(jié)能（能耗換算成油耗84mpg，也就是百公里油耗2.8L）。

但是Model S的可靠度就完全是另外一回事了。

2015年《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》收到了大約1400份Model S車(chē)主的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，根據(jù)復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)分析他們將Model S的新車(chē)可靠度預(yù)測(cè)從去年的平均水平調(diào)整為了平均線以下，這也就意味著Model S將不再是《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》的推薦車(chē)型（推薦車(chē)型的可靠度至少要達(dá)到平均水平）。

Model S的主要問(wèn)題集中在動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，電子設(shè)備，充電設(shè)備，那個(gè)巨大的中控，還有車(chē)身以及天窗的震動(dòng)異響和漏水。而且2015款的空調(diào)，轉(zhuǎn)向和懸掛系統(tǒng)比2014款還更差。隨著車(chē)齡的增長(zhǎng)，關(guān)于2013款的Drive System的投訴也越來(lái)越多。

不過(guò)好在Model S有4年5萬(wàn)英里的全車(chē)質(zhì)保以及8年不限里程的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)保，至少車(chē)主現(xiàn)在修車(chē)不用花一分錢(qián)。

震動(dòng)和異響應(yīng)該是被投訴最多的問(wèn)題，但是也有人說(shuō)那是由于特斯拉太安靜了所以那些你在汽油車(chē)不會(huì)在意的震動(dòng)和異響在Model S上就會(huì)顯得特別讓人不舒服。

而且還有一部分問(wèn)題在出保以后修起來(lái)會(huì)非常昂貴的樣子。

問(wèn)卷調(diào)查顯示，特斯拉已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了給車(chē)替換掉出故障的電機(jī)；Model S的剎車(chē)碟也比較容易彎曲；而那個(gè)酷炫的門(mén)把手也經(jīng)常會(huì)在車(chē)主靠近時(shí)不主動(dòng)升起。這個(gè)門(mén)把手簡(jiǎn)直就是特斯拉的標(biāo)志，但是當(dāng)門(mén)把手掉鏈子的時(shí)候車(chē)主甚至都沒(méi)法開(kāi)門(mén)所以特別囧。

Model S的其他問(wèn)題還包括：雨刷不工作；電池冷卻泵漏水；尾箱門(mén)的鎖扣對(duì)不上；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的四輪定位問(wèn)題。

是不是因?yàn)樘厮估龅氖请妱?dòng)車(chē)所以就比較容易出問(wèn)題呢？但是想想日產(chǎn)的葉子幾年來(lái)可靠度一直是中等偏上的水平，只是今年也下降到了中等水平。當(dāng)然特斯拉的性能要好很多很多，科技含量也高很多很多，更別說(shuō)續(xù)航里程還是葉子的兩倍。

當(dāng)車(chē)企在投放一些包含有新科技的車(chē)型時(shí)，比如新的交互系統(tǒng)，新變速箱和新發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，一般來(lái)講對(duì)可靠度都是會(huì)有負(fù)面影響。雖然特斯拉不是唯一一家做高性能高續(xù)航里程電動(dòng)車(chē)的企業(yè)，但是它在每次生產(chǎn)線更新時(shí)都會(huì)加更復(fù)雜的東西上去，比如今年新推出的四驅(qū)版本，所以Model S的可靠性問(wèn)題越來(lái)越多也就不讓人覺(jué)得奇怪了。

雖然問(wèn)題多多，但是數(shù)據(jù)顯示Model S車(chē)主滿(mǎn)意度依然是出奇的高：97%的車(chē)主表示讓他們重新選的話依然還是會(huì)選特斯拉的。讓特斯拉幫你換個(gè)電機(jī)，差速器，剎車(chē)或者交互系統(tǒng)那就不叫個(gè)事兒，對(duì)車(chē)主來(lái)說(shuō)完全就是零負(fù)擔(dān)。

特斯拉對(duì)客戶(hù)服務(wù)的關(guān)注是卓有成效的。幾乎每一份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷都會(huì)特意說(shuō)明盡管特斯拉沒(méi)有傳統(tǒng)意義上的4S店但是無(wú)論是響應(yīng)速度還是修理時(shí)間都是很快的。

對(duì)于Model S的最早一批支持者而言，特斯拉的在質(zhì)保維修方面的厚道程度甚至超過(guò)了車(chē)主的預(yù)期。比如一位車(chē)主這樣寫(xiě)道：就是差速齒出了點(diǎn)小問(wèn)題，結(jié)果他們幫我把整套系統(tǒng)都換了，好膩害！還有一位這么寫(xiě)道：左前下控制臂除了點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，通知他們后第二天就來(lái)更換了。

特斯拉發(fā)言人給《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》的郵件里寫(xiě)道：由于和客戶(hù)溝通做的好，我們可以盡快做到收到問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題。而且牛逼的云端升級(jí)可以在不用進(jìn)廠的情況下解決大多數(shù)bug。如果是硬件出了問(wèn)題，我們永遠(yuǎn)把客戶(hù)的便利和滿(mǎn)意放在第一位巴拉巴拉巴拉。。。

那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)Model S賣(mài)12萬(wàn)7，等2年后賣(mài)3萬(wàn)5的Model 3出來(lái)以后，特斯拉還不能保持住這個(gè)高科技和高水準(zhǔn)服務(wù)。而且等Model S出保以后要開(kāi)始花錢(qián)修車(chē)了費(fèi)用對(duì)車(chē)主來(lái)說(shuō)也會(huì)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

一年賣(mài)兩萬(wàn)輛酷炫但是問(wèn)題連連的車(chē)給有錢(qián)人（至少有一輛備用車(chē)的有錢(qián)人）是一回事，但是按照特斯拉的2020計(jì)劃一年賣(mài)20萬(wàn)輛Model 3出去，那些車(chē)主恐怕就沒(méi)有那么好說(shuō)話了喲。。。

接下來(lái)是Model S的一些常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題，由于問(wèn)題太五花八門(mén)，怕翻不準(zhǔn)確，也嫌麻煩，就貼出來(lái)讓大家自己看看吧。

Tesla Model S

2012-present

This generation has one recall and seven service campaigns of note:

Vehicles produced prior to May 22, 2014 are subject to a service campaign to inspect/replace the rear wheel arch liners because of contact with a brake hose and/or contact with the parking brake caliper (14-12-004).

Models built before November 7, 2014 have a service campaign to inspect and possibly replace the 12-Volt positive jump post in order to prevent corrosion (15-17-004).

All Dual Motor (AWD) vehicles built between September 19, 2014 and February 20, 2015 are subject to a service campaign to inspect and possibly replace the acoustic absorbers due to manufacturing changes (15-45-001).

All Dual Motor (AWD) versions built between November 13, 2014 and March 2, 2015 are subject to a service campaign to inspect and possibly replace the motorized charging port door because it may not open (15-44-004).

2012-14 models have three campaigns of note: models may need new exterior mirrors because a white residue from corrosion could drip onto the door panels. Tesla will give a discount to customers who want to upgrade to power folding mirrors when there's corrosion (14-12-003); vehicles built before March 6, 2014 have a campaign to install an underbody shield to provide additional protection to the battery (14-30-002); and some vehicles are subject to a service campaign to replace the instrument cluster because of a manufacturing defect (14-21-004).

2012-14 models were recalled to replace the black NEMA 14-50 wall adapters due to possible excessive heating/overheating. Updated adapters have a white-gray color inside (14-50-002).

Service bulletins

2012-13 models produced prior to November 17, 2013 might need anti-squeak tape installed on a bracket for the panoramic roof because of a creaking noise (14-24-001), and some may need washers installed on the lower control arm ball joints due to a clicking or clunking sound when driving over bumps (13-31-003).

2013-14 vehicles built between November 1, 2013 and March 8, 2014 may need an updated "Rear Drive Unit" because of a clunking sound that occurs during accelerator pedal transitions or a humming noise heard during high speed driving, both caused by inadequate grease (14-40-001); and models built before December 1, 2013 might need to have washers installed to prevent the panoramic roof from rattling (14-24-002).

2014-15 S85 (RWD) or P85D (AWD) models built between September 23, 2014 and February 21, 2015 might need an updated "drive unit sensor" and bootloader software (not over the air updateable) in order to exceed the 125 or 130 mph (200 or 210 Km/h) maximum speed (15-40-001); and vehicles built between December 10, 2014 and April 24, 2015 might need to have the TPMS sensors retorqued/replaced due to the possibility of slow air leaks (15-34-001).

2012-15 models may be subject to a number of bulletins: some may need updated rear dust shields, second-generation front dust shields, and front and rear brake pads and rotors because the pads may seize or stick to the rotors in extremely cold or wet weather (15-33-001); some might need an updated door handle seal if the seals detach from the door handle and there are scratching or scraping noises in warm weather conditions (15-11-003); some might need updated lower shock absorber bolts if there is a knocking sound when driving over bumps (15-31-004); vehicles built before March 25, 2015 might need updated seals and foam strips for the front door fixed glass if there is a cold draft or wind noise (15-11-002); some cars may need a modified bracket if there's condensation on the lift gate applique lenses (15-12-001); and a shim may need to be installed on the steering rack if there is a clicking sound or notchy feel when turning the steering wheel (13-32-001).